In recent years, Europe has witnessed an accelerated process of economic integration. Trade barriers were removed, the euro was introduced and ten new member states have joined the European Union. This paper analyzes how this process of increased economic integration has affected labor and...

2018 marks the 40th anniversary of the start of China's reform and opening up policy, which created China's growth miracle with an annual average growth rate of around 9.5 percent. China's rapid rise and internationalization has also generated profound impacts both regionally and globally. This...

This paper studies globalization, protection and the impact of regional trading blocs in the twentieth century. The authors take the perspective of a small open core country in Europe. Using a gravity approach, it can be shown that trade integration in Europe followed a U-shaped pattern during...