MNEs can usefully be conceptualized as intraorganizational networks; structurally, they often resemble loosely coupled systems. With subsidiaries possessing assets, resources, and capabilities crucial to the worldwide network, management by fiat is unlikely to be effective, and an integration of...

This study examines the role of internationalentrepreneurship among Japanese small- to medium-sized enterprises(SMEs). Specifically, the research focuses on the form of foreign directinvestments (FDIs) used by Japanese SMEs and the organizational impact of theFDIs as compared to other nations....