This paper examines the introduction of the gold-based Mark currency in Germany in the 1870s in the context of debates about international monetary reform, and the introduction of national moneys, as well as in the context of national political and economic integration in Germany. It looks at...

We discuss three well known plans that were offered in the twentieth century to provide an artificial replacement for gold and key currencies as international reserves: Keynes' Bancor, the SDR and the Ecu( predecessor to the euro).The latter two of these reserve substitutes were...

"We discuss three well known plans that were offered in the twentieth century to provide an artificial replacement for gold and key currencies as international reserves: Keynes' Bancor, the SDR and the Ecu( predecessor to the euro).The latter two of these reserve substitutes were...