The burgeoning use of ordinal data throughout the Empirical Sciences calls for location and variation measurement instruments suitable for such data environments. Neither Pearson’s Coefficient of Variation nor the Sharpe Ratio, relative variation comparison workhorses in cardinal worlds, are...

In the 1980s and 1990s successive United Kingdom governments enacted a series of reforms to establish a more market-oriented economy, closer to the American model and further away from its Western European competitors. Today, the United Kingdom is one of the least regulated economies in the...

Measuring growth with ordered categorical variables is problematic due to their lack of cardinal measure and the equivocation and ambiguity inherent in the arbitrary attribution of cardinal scale to ordinal variates. Here, noting that the mean in a cardinal paradigm is the cumulation over its...