We explore the association between urban density and pupil attainment using three cohorts of pupils in schooling in England. Although as widely recognised attainment in dense urban places is low on average, this is not because urban environments disadvantage pupils, but because the most...

We provide estimates for the effect of attending a Faith school on educational achievement using a census of primary school pupils in England. We argue that there are no credible instruments for Faith school attendance in this context. Instead, we partially control for selection into religious...

We estimate the effect of neighbours' characteristics and prior achievements on teenage students' educational and behavioural outcomes using census data on several cohorts of secondary school students in England. Our research design is based on changes in neighbourhood composition caused...