In its Pharmaceutical Sector Inquiry Report of 2009, the European Commission identified ‘defensive patent strategies …’ as a potential anti-competitive abuse in the sense of Article 102 TFEU. Such strategies include in particular patent … precedent for assessing the anti-competitive character of patent filings under EU competition law. Thereby, it is argued that …

This paper investigates how patent applications and grants held by new ventures improve their ability to attract … British biotechnology companies we have identified all patents filed at the European Patent Office (EPO). Applying hazard rate … analysis, we find that in the presence of patent applications, VC financing occurs earlier. Our results also show that VCs pay …

British patent system prior to its reform in 1852 was cumbersome and expensive. Whether it facilitated or delayed the … Industrial Revolution is hotly debated. This paper's contribution is to examine the incentives to patent, and the characteristics … of patentees, by observing the entire population of British patents granted up to the patent reforms of 1852. I find …

We examine the accessibility and functioning of the patent system in the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, a state … that existed between 1815 and 1830. The country's patent law combined an examination process with significant government … discretion over a patent's duration and cost. Using our hand-collected database of all patent applications-granted, withdrawn …

We examine the accessibility and functioning of the patent system in the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, a state … that existed between 1815 and 1830. The country's patent law combined an examination process with significant government … discretion over a patent's duration and cost. Using our hand-collected database of all patent applications-granted, withdrawn …