Originally, anchoring labour rights to the existence of a personal relationship of subordination was functional to prevent the greater bargaining strength of the employed being disproportionately reflected in the terms and conditions regulating the provision of labour. This does not seem anymore...

This article inquires on the approach to labour rights that has characterized the development of the EU. First, it analyses the way in which the EU policy making refers to social and labour standards and to their function within the process of EU integration. Subsequently, the article turns to...

The EU-UK TCA goes beyond the diluted, and at times tokenistic, protection of multilateral labour standards contained in the other FTAs concluded by the EU, e.g. with countries like Canada or South Korea.However, the few additional labour clauses it contains, and the overall weak supervision and...

The paper delves into the ways in which EU competition law affects the right of workers to combine with each other and act, collectively, in the furtherance of their rights and interests at work, in particular by means of collective agreements concluded with one or more employers. It begins by...

Lawsuits around the misclassification of workers in the on-demand economy have ballooned in the United States in recent years. That is because employee status is the gateway to many substantive legal rights. In response, some commentators have proposed an in-between hybrid category just for for...