We start from five economic relations of research and development R&D driven growth for 14 OECD countries: GDP and technical change; technical change and private business R&D; domestic private and public R&D; domestic and foreign public R&D; foreign private and public R&D. Cointegration tests force...

We re-consider the traditional result of zero or negative foreign R&D spillovers or strategic reactions to the USA using accumulated shocks in a vector-error-correction model (VECM) for the period 1963-2017. Foreign private and public R&D stocks have a positive and statistically significant...