Free Trade Agreements (FTA) attract significant interest, but after these treaties are signed not all exporters use them. We provide a model of heterogeneous utilization, also developing a novel method to estimate treaty-utilization costs. We later apply the model to estimate the evolution...

The analysis covers the 270 RTAs currently in force and notified to the WTO as of April 2016. The analysis shows that half of all the notified RTAs, namely 136 agreements, incorporate at least one provision mentioning explicitly SMEs. These SMEs-related provisions are highly heterogeneous and...

The role of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the European Union's international trade is often underestimated. But small firms can and do trade across borders, not only with customers close to their home countries but also partners in markets further afield, such as the United...

In the European Union and the United States, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and start-up enterprises are critical motors of growth and job creation. Ninety-nine percent of European and US companies - over 20 million companies in the European Union and 28 million in the United States -...

In the European Union and the United States, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and start-up enterprises are critical motors of growth and job creation. Some 99% of European and US companies - over 20 million companies in the EU and 28 million in the USA - are SMEs. In the EU, SMEs...