This paper deals with the quantification of GMO regulations on bilateral trade flows. A composite index of the complexity of such regulations for sixty countries as well as an objective score for six GMO regulatory sub-dimensions has been developed. Using a gravity model, we show how bilateral...

This paper deals with the quantification of GMO regulations on bilateral trade flows. A composite index of the 慶omplexity?of such regulations for sixty countries as well as an 憃bjective?score for six GMO regulatory sub-dimensions has been developed. Using a gravity model, we show how...

This paper uses a structural gravity model based on Anderson and van Wincoop (2003) to quantify and test the hypothesis that EU harmonization of food regulations increases EU bilateral trade. Using a self-constructed database that identifies processed food products at a detailed level covered by...

This paper combines a new database on non-tariff measures (NTMs) with Morocco's firm census to explore the effect of regulatory harmonization with the E.U. on firm-level outcomes. Exploiting cross-sectoral variation in the timing and extent of regulatory harmonization, we find that harmonization...

In September 2008, the EU replaced national-level regulation on Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs) in pesticides with harmonized Community-wide regulation. Using data on pesticide MRLs for 53 trading partners over 2005-2014, we examine the effects of this harmonization on both intra- and extra-EU...

The main aim of this book is to assess the importance of international rules for foreign direct investment and the major challenges to international harmonization of those rules. Particular attention is paid to the most controversial and contentious issues with the view of appraising the...

AbstractThe following sections are included:IntroductionA framework for threat assessmentThreat IThreat IIThreat IIIA Common Approach for OECD, and BeyondThe Broader Context: Allowing the Benefits From Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) — Including FDI via Acquisitions — To Spread Around the...

AbstractThe following sections are included:IntroductionDecentralized Legal SystemTribunals as Agents of Legal HarmonizationRecognition of new binding rulesInterpreting Treaty ProvisionsPrecedent and Harmonization of Investment LawThe Limits of Harmonization by Investment TribunalsConcluding...

AbstractThe following sections are included:IntroductionScope of Mode 3 and InvestmentCommercial presenceOwned or controlledInvestment by service suppliersGATS scope with regard to investment measuresCommitments on Mode 3 service supplyGaps in Disciplines on Mode 3GATS provisions that discipline...

AbstractThe following sections are included:IntroductionArguments in Favor of HarmonizationArguments for Regulatory DiversityA Way Forward in the Debate and Negotiations of International HarmonizationTheoretical issuesWhat is not working in our attempts to harmonize trade rules?Practical...