High rates of urbanization, environmental degradation, and industrial development have affected all nations worldwide, but in disaster-prone areas, the impact is even greater serving to increase the extent of damage from natural catastrophes. As a result of the global nature of environmental...

Natural disaster risk, a long-time concern in the insurance industry, is increasingly recognized as a present danger in the business strategies of risk control and enterprise management agencies. Floods and earthquakes can cause massive loss of life and infrastructure, resulting in business...

A robust and reliable risk assessment procedure for hydrological hazards deserves attention. The transport of mixed material in the types of hazard, such as flash floods and debris flows, plays an important role and should be taken into consideration. At present, however, the mixed material...