Objectives Since 2006 France experiences an innovative version of Gate-keeping which aims at regulating access to outpatient specialist care. We describe the reform's initial objectives, the political pathway which lead to the implementation of a reshaped reform and discuss the first outcomes...

The concept of managed competition in health care attracts a lot of attention from policy makers not only in Germany but from countries all around the world. The aim of this concept is to increase the efficiency of health care systems as well as maintaining solidarity. Since the health care...