Background: Rapid scale up of HIV treatment programs in sub-Saharan Africa has refueled the long-standing health policy debate regarding the merits and drawbacks of vertical and integrated system. Recent pilots of integrating outpatient and HIV services have shown an improvement in some patient...

Telemedicine is increasingly used across the developing world to expand access to healthcare, to improve outcomes and to reduce costs. However, the impact of telemedicine in these settings – particularly on existing physical healthcare delivery channels – has not been thoroughly examined. We...