The paper proposes a new approach to the mean–variance-hedging problem under transaction costs. This approach is based on the idea of dividing the gain functional into two parts. One part representing the gains resulting from a pure buying strategy, and the other part representing the gains...

The Solvency II framework challenges insurers to evaluate and manage their embedded balance sheet risks appropriately. However, insurances hold balance sheet items, for which closed-form solutions and market prices are not available. Pure Monte Carlo valuation requires nested simulations, which...