The Ising spin model in multiple helices with hierarchically organized interactions is investigated using Monte Carlo simulations. The numerical result of specific heat shows that the Curie temperature of the ferromagnetic transition is strongly dependent on to what extent the basal helix is...

A material-designing principle in which a hierarchical structure is achieved by a series of steps of folding a low-order structure into a high-order structure is introduced in comparison with periodic arrays of unit cells. Multiply looped rings are a typical example, in which a ring consists of...