We analyse the returns to schooling in Zambia in a human capital model where participation and sector choice are assumed endogenous. In urban areas, we find that the return to primary schooling is almost nil, whereas in rural areas, the return to primary education is positive. In both cases the...

In this paper we analyze investments in human capital assets in a way which is standard for financial assets, but not (yet) for human capital assets. We study mean-variance plots of human capital assets. We compare the properties of human capital returns using a performance measure and by using...