Political misalignment and greater ideological distance between donor and recipient governments may render foreign aid less effective by adding to transaction costs and eroding trust. In addition, development aid from the West may lead to adverse growth effects in the global South due to the...

This paper evaluates the effect of development project aid from the World Bank and China on firms' sales growth, using a large dataset of 110864 firms spanning 121 countries between 2001 and 2016. We find that, contrary to the World Bank, Chinese ODA projects increase, on average, firm sales...

This paper evaluates the effects of IMF programs at the firm level and considers the role of the financing constraint of firms as a channel of transmission. We examine the different dimensions of a Fund program, namely participation, number, and scope of conditions. We find a positive effect of...

This paper evaluates the effects of IMF programs at the firm level, using a panel of about 130,000 firms, over the period 2003-2018. We consider the different dimensions of a Fund program, namely participation, loan size, and number and scope of conditions, and we look at their effects on growth...

In theory, the IMF could influence economic growth via several channels, among them advice to policy makers, money disbursed under its programs, and its conditionality. This paper tries to disentangle those effects empirically. Using panel data for 98 countries over the period 1970-2000 it...

This article analyzes whether and to what extent reliance on conditionality is appropriate to guarantee the revolving character of Fund resources. The paper presents theoretical arguments in favour of conditionality, and those against the use of conditions. It summarizes the track record of...