increases in both imports and exports. There were also no significant changes in the structure of the distribution of …COVID-19 is expected to have contributed towards changing the geographical structure of world trade, including trade …

Ginarte-Park index of patent rights is significantly positively related to business-sector R&D intensity in the static panel …This paper empirically investigates the potential determinants of business-sector R&D intensity using a panel of OECD … expenditures on R&D indicating that public sector R&D and private R&D are complements. Direct R&D subsidies and the hightech export …

This paper reviews the economic literature on the role of fees in patent systems. Two main research questions are … usually addressed: the impact of patent fees on the behavior of applicants and the question of optimal fees. Studies in the … former group confirm that a range of fees affect the behavior of applicants and suggest that a patent is an inelastic good …

One feature of the European patent system that is heavily criticized nowadays is related to its complex fragmentation … and the induced cost burden for applicants. Once a patent is granted by the EPO, the assignee must validate (and often … validation behavior of applicants. We rely on a gravity model that aims at explaining patent flows between inventor and target …

underestimation of deep integration projects such as TTIP. The panel data estimation of knowledge production functions for 20 EU …-GDP ratio (or related variables) will raise patent applications. Additionally, a higher per capita income - that could reflect …

of partial US sanctions decreases trade by 16 percent. When complete export and import sanctions are implemented, US …, respectively. In contrast, the application of partial export and import sanctions leads to a decrease in trade by 13 percent and 17 …

impacts of import competition on manufacturing employment, overall employment-population ratios, and income per capita in more … trade-exposed U.S. commuting zones are present out to 2019. Over the full study period, greater import competition implies a … holds lessons for other episodes of localized job loss. Import competition from China induced changes in income per capita …

impacts of import competition on manufacturing employment, overall employment-population ratios, and income per capita in more … trade-exposed U.S. commuting zones are present out to 2019. Over the full study period, greater import competition implies a … holds lessons for other episodes of localized job loss. Import competition from China induced changes in income per capita …