In order to measure the causal effect of a policy, a specific approach called 'counterfactual impact evaluation' is needed. This report highlights that data access, networking, capacity building and taking evaluation requirements into account during the policy implementation are key for shifting...

In order to measure the causal effect of a policy, a specific approach called 'counterfactual impact evaluation' is needed. This report highlights that data access, networking, capacity building and taking evaluation requirements into account during the policy implementation are key for shifting...

We investigate the effect of economic sanctions on trade flows in countries sharing a border with the sanctioned state. On the one hand, trade models suggest that trade flows should decrease as sanctions disrupt trading routes and economic ties with suppliers and customers. On the other hand,...

Numerous studies demonstrate that terrorism causes strong public reactions immediately after the attack, with important implications for democratic institutions and individual well-being. Yet, are these effects short-lived? We answer this question using a quasi-experimental design and data on...

Recently a considerable popular debate has been dedicated to the issue of “police militarization”. We investigate whether the “1033 Program”, which allows local law enforcement agencies to acquire excess property of the US Department of Defense, affects crime rates. To identify the...