Using second generation Panel Unit Root Tests (PURT), panel cointegration tests and panel Granger causality tests we find that although the financial crisis may have increased risk aversion for investors, it did not make disappearing speculative behaviours on structured credit markets. On the...

This paper shows that the impact of changes in budgetary variables on major macroeconomic variables varies in sign and magnitude in times of crisis and non-crisis in France. We find that these nonlinearities are both frequent (as they exist on all behaviors analyzed: real GDP, private...

This paper shows that the impact of changes in budgetary variables on real GDP, investment, consumption and employment varies in sign and magnitude in times of crisis and non-crisis. To this end, a regime-switching process is embedded in standard macroeconomic equations in order to take into...