The article shows the relationships between the COVID and non‑COVID deaths during the first year of the pandemic, compared with the stringency of restrictions imposed and the compulsory spending on healthcare. We compare these relationships among European countries, analysing weekly data and...

The article aims to verify whether cryptocurrencies can hedge extreme price movements of Brent oil. The COVID-19 pandemic revealed that the prices of oil are strongly dependent on economic uncertainty, as well as on the mobility factor. We analyse the Brent oil prices from February 10, 2020, to...