Large-scale asset programmes aim to impact the real economy through the financial system. The ECB has focused much of its policies on safe assets. An intended channel of transmission of this type of programme is the "portfolio rebalancing channel", whereby investors are influenced to shift their...

This paper studies how fiscal consolidation (austerity) shocks transmit across countries through multinationals' internal networks of subsidiaries. Using a large multicountry subsidiary-level data set, we find that local business units cut capital investment in response to a foreign austerity...

This paper examines the role of environmental taxes in reducing air pollution. Using unique satellite data to observe area-wide levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), we leverage an emission tax introduction in 2013 in the Comunidad Valenciana. We find that this environmental tax reduced NO2 levels...

As a result of the BoJ's large-scale asset purchases, the consolidated Japanese government borrows mostly at the floating rate from households and invests in longer-duration risky assets to earn an extra 3% of GDP. We quantify the impact of Japan's low-rate policies on its government and...

Many environmental hazards produce health effects that take years to arise, but quasi-experimental studies typically measure outcomes and treatment over short time periods. We develop a new approach to overcome this challenge and use it to gauge the effect of exposure to air pollution on US life...