As an effect of global climate change, precipitation is increasing globally, and disasters related to heavy rains such as floods or landslides pose enormous risks of economic losses. Although the destruction of buildings and infrastructure is itself an economic loss, losses can also arise from...

To prevent the spread of COVID-19, many cities, states, and countries have `locked down', restricting economic activities in non-essential sectors. Such lockdowns have substantially shrunk production in most countries. This study examines how the economic effects of lockdowns in different...

In order to prevent the spread of COVID-19, governments have often required regional or national lockdowns, which have caused extensive economic stagnation over broad areas as the shock of the lockdowns has diffused to other regions through supply chains. Using supply-chain data for 1.6 million...

This paper simulates the economic loss resulting from supply chain disruptions triggered by the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) in 2011, applying data on firm-level supply chains and establishment-level attributes to an agent-based model. In particular, we improve previous studies on this...

This study quantifies the economic effect of a possible lockdown of Tokyo to prevent spread of COVID-19. The negative effect of the lockdown may propagate to other regions through supply chains because of shortage of supply and demand. Applying an agent-based model to the actual supply chains of...