As households reduce discretionary spending in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, concerns are high that a resulting fall in aggregate demand can lead to a lasting recession post-COVID-19. Consequently, policies aimed at stimulating consumer spending are of key interest to governments working to...

The COVID-19 outbreak brought an exogenous shock on supply chain members, which provide us an opportunity to test the impact of environmental and social (ES) practices on supply chain management. Through analysis with DID approach, we find that high ES firms have less reduction on stock price...