This paper describes the energy sector in the Mediterranean and MENA (Middle East and North Africa) countries. It first analyses the production of energy by fossil and renewable sources and discusses the increasing demand in the area and its consequences. It describes the policy frameworks to...

The literature shows that when a society believes that wealth is determined by random “luck” rather than by merit, it demands more redistribution. Adverse shocks, like earthquakes, strengthen the belief that random “bad luck” can frustrate the outcomes achieved with merit. We...

This paper describes the energy sector in the Mediterranean and MENA (Middle East and North Africa) countries. It first analyses the production of energy by fossil and renewable sources and discusses the increasing demand in the area and its consequences. It describes the policy frameworks to...

The literature shows that when a society believes that wealth is determined by random "luck" rather than by merit, it demands more redistribution. Adverse shocks, like earthquakes, strengthen the belief that random "bad luck" can frustrate the outcomes achieved with merit. We theoretically...

According to the EU Evaluation Guidelines, an evaluation is defined as "an evidence-based judgement of the extent to which an intervention has: - Been effective and efficient; - Been relevant given the needs and its objectives; - Been coherent both internally and with other EU policy...

This paper reports the results of a macroeconomic impact assessment of actual structural reform measures in four Member States (Italy, France, Spain and Portugal). For Italy, Spain and Portugal the selection of measures is based on the 2013, 2014 and 2015 National Reform Programmes, while for...

This document presents an ex-post evaluation of the Financial Assistance Programme for the Recapitalisation of Financial Institutions in Spain implemented from July 2012 to January 2014. The purpose of the evaluation is to assess the intervention in terms of relevance, effectiveness, efficiency,...

This document presents an ex post evaluation of the three year EU/IMF financial assistance for Portugal, which ended in May 2014. The three-year Portuguese programme was designed to overcome the economic and financial crisis that led to Portugal requesting financial assistance in April 2011,...