Union. In the first three chapters we address the micro level of individual life courses: education, employment and income …

substitution of low education/high experience workers by low experience/high education workers by using US and French microdata … explain the changes in returns to experience. It also accounts for a part of the increase in returns to education between 1980 …: the elasticity of substitution between experience and education, which is found to be less than half. In France, the …

investigated by estimating a multinomial probit model. We find that education, age and gender strongly affect the probability of … increasingly large category of non-workers are the losers. Rates of return to education have increased but income function analysis …

/or better education. These groups are characterized by higher relative wages as well as higher within-group wage inequality …

education levels. We find that the gender earnings gap increases with the educational level. For instance, at 40 years of age …, women without high school degrees earned on average 28.8 per cent less than men with the same level of education and for the …

top of the education and income distribution (upward mobility) has increased. On the other hand, for children whose …

/urban groups. While there has been an improvement in horizontal inequality in education, this paper shows little change in other …