The Insurance Distribution Directive (IDD) aims to regulate insurance distribution in the EU regardless of distribution … channels and means. Although new technologies affect insurance distribution, the IDD does not explicitly regulate this digital … risks. However, the IDD exempts ancillary insurance intermediaries from its scope when they meet certain conditions. The …

insurance across individuals and across the lifecycle. We embed these alternative roles in a lifecycle model, allowing us to …-individual redistribution and between- and within-individual insurance. These components are distinguished from perspective of the start of … credit (WFTC) reform of 1999 and the universal credit (UC) reform that began in 2013. Our main conclusions are that insurance …