Most private giving between living generations takes the form of "tied" transfers, such as help with housing downpayments. We argue that parents provide help with downpayments in order to encourage the production of grandchildren, and that such a subsidization emanates from the "demonstration...

We propose an explanation for the provision of attention and care to aged parents; we suggest a reason why the presence of young children could support rather than inhibit the provision of this care; and we provide an explanation as to why daughters are more often observed to provide attention...