Resource misallocation can lower aggregate total factor productivity (TFP).We use microdata on manufacturing establishments to quantify the potential extent of misallocation in China and India versus the United States. We measure sizable gaps in marginal products of labor and capital across...

In developing countries in Asia and Africa average size of landholdings are generally less than 2 hectares compared to about 300-400 hectare in developed countries. Small landholding farmers are facing different constraints due to their small size of cultivatable lands. The problems are ranging...