A Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index is employed to account for both marketed output and the output of pollution abatement activities of U.S. state manufacturing sectors for 1974-1986. The index allows us to decompose the change in productivity into measures of change in efficiency and...

We apply recent advances in time substitution modeling to examine the environmental performance of firms in Sweden's pulp and paper industry for the years 2002-2008. Our data allow us to estimate the optimal reallocation of environmental investments, expenditures and energy use to simultaneously...