Empirical studies commonly use research and development (R&D) to measure innovation and often find, especially in Canada, no strong link between productivity and innovation. In this article, we model innovation as an unobservable latent variable that underlies four indicators: R&D, patents,...

The fundamental importance of skills for productivity advance is being increasingly recognized. In this article, Someshwar Rao, Jianmin Tang and Weimin Wang of Industry Canada provide additional evidence of this relationship through a detailed examination of the dynamics of innovation and...

Innovation is a complex process and has multiple dimensions. In assessing the linkage between innovation and productivity, most of studies, due to data limitations, use only one single indicator to measure innovation. This paper argues that this practice may systematically bias against certain...