Although researchers have found that knowledgespillovers increase industrial firms' patenting and productivity, feweconomists have studied how spillovers occur and what this suggests about thebehavior and performance of firms.In the interest of examining theendogeneity of knowledge spillovers, a...

This paper reexamines the limits of the firm in Research and Development (R&D). Using evidence drawn from industrial laboratories we study the causes and effects of R&D sourcing. We begin with the causes of sourcing, finding that Research Joint Ventures (RJVs), the option to purchase and...

This paper explores the implications of a simple model of learning and innovation by firms. In this model R&D spillovers are partly determined by firms, rather than by the given economic environment. According to this approach the full effect of spillovers on research productivity of firms...