The EU agreed to phase out fossil fuel subsidies (FFS). Nevertheless, FFS strongly increased in 2022 to address the effects of the energy price spikes reached during the energy crisis. Phasing out FFS is therefore also a critical element analysed as part of the European Semester. This paper...

In support of the preparation of the Commission Communication "Enhancing and focussing EU international cooperation in research and innovation: A Strategic Approach", a high level expert group was established under the Chairmanship of Dr Sylvia Schwaag Serger. The Expert Group's remit was to...

In this publication, the ESIR group explores the research, innovation, and technology policy through the lens of geopolitical competition. This focus paper emphasizes the importance of a European technology policy that supports sustainability, democracy, and responsible innovation. It calls for...

Science & Technology (S&T) is high on the Chinese policy agenda but there are large uncertainties on the actual S&T development. For instance, previous studies tend to focus only on large and medium-sized enterprises (LMEs). The situation in Chinese small firms is far less explored. This paper...