We examine the impact of social trust on corporate R&D expenditure. Using a large sample of 1,811 Chinese firms during 2007-2018, we show that social trust significantly promotes corporate R&D expenditure. Firms located in higher social trust regions invest 6.16%(4.17%) more in R&D1(R&D2) than...

Background This paper aims to investigate the development trend of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) hospitals in China and explore their medical service innovations, with special reference to the changing co-existence with western medicine (WM) at TCM hospitals. Methods Quantitative data at...