The extended period of limited growth experienced until recently in many European countries raises the issue as to which policies could be most effective in improving their economic performance. This paper argues that further financial sector reforms may be a valuable complement to ongoing...

Over the last 15 years, open innovation has become mainstream and both public and private actors from many countries are involved in global innovation networks. This paper argues that research and innovation policies in Europe have not fully adapted to the challenges and opportunities of this...

There has been a longstanding concern about protecting intellectual capital. The legislation awards a generator of the capital with a finite period of a monopoly right to access it.Under the protection, a right holder may exclusively exploit its intellectual capital and assign or license the...