This paper extends the out-of-equilibrium literature to analyse a structural transition characterized by the emergence of a new sector that satisfies a want lower in the hierarchical scale. In particular, the dynamic interaction demand-supply can be a source of multiple long-run outcomes if both...

There is no doubt that innovation is nowadays the main determinant ofeconomic growth and that the human resource is as a crucial factor of the process ofinnovation.As the role played by this factor the mainstream viewpoint emphasizes labourmarket rigidities in the explanation of cross-countries...

Empirical anomalies in the dynamics of earnings following the emergence of new ICT technologies are not consistent with various re-elaborations of the human capital theory. The first part of the paper reviews critically this literature and highlights an important gap concerning the role of...

This paper analyzes the effect of environmental policies on the direction of energy innovation across countries over the period 1990-2012. Our novelty is to use threshold regression models to allow for discontinuities in policy effectiveness depending on a country's relative competencies in...

The costs of low-carbon energy fell dramatically over the past decade, leading to rapid growth in its deployment. However, many challenges remain to deploy low-carbon energy at a scale necessary to meet net zero carbon emission targets. We argue that developing complementary technologies and...

We investigate the effectiveness of policies in favor of innovation in renewable energy under different levels of competition. Using information regarding renewable energy policies, product market regulation and high-quality green patents for OECD countries since the late 1970s, we develop a...