Although innovation is not a new topic for scholarly research, the academic literature on innovation was, for a long time, not very voluminous. However, more recently innovation has become a major focus among scholars of different backgrounds, and this change is also reflected in an increasing...

FAGERBERG J., VERSPAGEN B. and CANIE¨LS M. (1997) Technology, growth and unemployment across European regions, Reg. Studies 31, 457-466. The process of convergence in GDP per capita levels across European regions came to a halt in the 1980s, although the differences in GDP per capita remain...

Innovation is often seen as carried out by highly educated labor in R&D intensive companies with strong ties to leading centers of excellence in the scientific world. Seen from this angle innovation is a typical “first world” activity. There is, however, another way to look at innovation...