Innovation can be obtained internally by investing in research and development (R&D) and externally by merger and acquisition (M&A). A fundamental question is whether the relationship between R&D investment and M&A is substitutable or complimentary, and the opinions and evidences are mixed. In...

As digital platforms continue to evolve, they facilitate the exchange of information and create opportunities for innovation-driven growth and introduce new challenges for enterprises navigating research and development-driven transformation. In the study, we used the Probit model, IV-Probit...