We find that social capital in U.S. counties, as captured by strength of social norms and density of social networks, is positively associated with innovation of firms headquartered in the county, as captured by patents and citations. This relation is robust in fixed-effect regressions,...

This study analyzes how promotion-based tournament incentives for non-CEO senior executives affect corporate innovation. We measure tournament incentives using the pay gap between a CEO and the next layer of senior executives. We find that tournament incentives are positively related to...

Purpose: At present, the Central Government of China pays more attention to the synergistic innovation, and the national strategy policy of "innovation driven development" are made to implementations. Thus, the university plays an important role in the national innovation system, so that how the...