We study theoretically and numerically the effects of an environmental tax reform using endogenous growth theory. In the theoretical segment, mobile labor between manufacturing and R&D activities, and elasticity of substitution between labor and energy in manufacturing lower than unity allow for...

The contemporary scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation are accelerating an overall industrial evolution. The integration of industrial, innovation, and service chains (three-chain) has become an important measure for countries around the world for assessing and...

The development of high-tech industries in an open economy has become an inevitable requirement for all countries to enhance their competitive advantages and overall national strength. Technological innovation is a direct driving force for promoting high-tech industries' development. The...

Globally, energy is considered a backbone for any country's sustainable growth. However, Pakistan has still encountered a massive energy crisis that affects its society economically. Therefore, policymakers keenly focused on distinguishing factors contributing to Pakistan's sustainable energy...