Since its beginnings, economics, as a scientific discipline, has imported knowledge from other sciences (i.e. physics, biology, ecology, mathematics, etc.). Our aim is to bring the methodological tools of the thermodynamics in areas as the innovation. Moreover, these tools can be extended to...

The purpose of this paper is to reach better general understanding of the institutions and processes needed to develop and commercialise nanosciences and nanotechnologies. This knowledge may prove useful to guide the actions of public and private agents. In order to analyse the paths followed in...