Using patent citation data for the U.S., we test whether knowledge spillovers in biotechnology are sensitive to distance. Controlling for self-citation by inventor, assignee and examiner, cohort-based regression analysis shows that spillovers are local but that distance is becoming less...

This paper examines the location of innovations within solar technology, using U.S. patent citation data to trace their diffusion over time. Knowledge clustering is clearly present. We employ multivariate left-censored Tobit regression analysis to control for identifiable factors, to examine...

The ultimate goal of any world-class swimmer is to break a record, and technology enables that accomplishment. Using 40 years of data at the individual, national and international level, we identify the quantitative impact that innovation has had on the number of record breaks. We find small but...

This paper tests the induced innovation hypothesis that higher oil prices will lead to increased innovation in energy-efficient automotive technology. We find robust empirical support for the hypothesis, while using various measures of oil and gas prices and controlling for other factors...

This paper aims to summarize the state of academic knowledge surrounding the economics of environmental innovation. Following a definition of environmental technology, the paper enumerates and describes the obstacles or constraints to the development of eco-innovation. Key Findings: • Many of...

Using patent citation data for the U.S., we test whether knowledge spillovers in biotechnology are sensitive to distance, and whether that sensitivity has changed over time. Controlling for self-citation by inventor, assignee and examiner, cohort-based regression analysis shows that physical...

Induced innovation theory suggests that a change in relative input prices will result in a substitution effect not only toward cheaper alternatives, but toward innovative activity that will lead to new alternatives. Here we test whether the same holds true for output prices: does innovation in...