This paper examines executive and nonexecutive performance-vested (p-v) restricted stock grants and the extent to which setting an attainable goal affects corporate innovation. Using a Monte-Carlo simulation framework and exploiting an exogenous variation in Offshore Service Outsourcing (OSO)...

When customers face financing frictions, they can retain suppliers through nonmonetary incentives, such as sharing their technology, thereby fostering supplier innovation. Using customer-supplier pairs in the U.S., we find that suppliers of customers who violate covenants become more innovative,...

We examine how overall workforce health affects corporate innovation output. Using 26,962 firm-year observations in the U.S. from 2008-2019, we document that better workforce health is associated with better innovation output. We use the instrumental variable approach and...

This paper examines the relation between firms’ toxic emissions and green innovation. Consistent with a demand-based explanation, we show that companies with high toxic release levels produce more green patents that are of a higher quality and value than those produced by firms with low toxic...