This paper examines the impact of industrial policies (IPs) on innovation in the global automobile industry. We compile the first comprehensive dataset linking global IPs with patent data related to the auto industry from 2008 to 2023. We document a major shift in policy focus: by 2022, nearly...

This study investigates the impact of market-based environmental regulations on firm innovation by examining one of the first large-scale market-based regulatory attempts in a developing country, China's sulfur dioxide emissions trading program. Based on the difference-in-differences method,...

Green finance is a variant of environmental regulation instrument deployed to facilitate innovation for green transformations and channel financing toward the development of a more sustainable economy. However, the impact of green financial reform on the green innovation capabilities of...

Multiple studies have examined the effects of financial development on renewable energy consumption, but little is known about its impact on renewable energy innovation. The validity of the Porter Hypothesis (PH) in renewable energy industries-that is, whether stricter environmental policies...

The influence of digital industry and firm digitization on enterprise innovation has emerged as a critical research topic. To assess the impact of digital transformation on enhancing innovation output, we propose a game model of two organisations investing in digital transformation, analyze the...