Interest in bioenergy in recent years has been stimulated by both energy security and climate change concerns. Fuels derived from agricultural crops offer the promise of reducing energy dependence for countries that have traditionally been dependent on imported energy. Nevertheless, it is...

Multi-functional energy systems such as biorefineries and polygeneration plants are able to efficiently produce product portfolios by taking advantage of inherent opportunities for optimal integration among process units. Thus, such systems provide valuable solutions towards efficient,...