This paper demonstrates that a structurally derived, internationally comparable index of checks and balances on executive discretion created by variation in political structures and party systems affects relative rates of basic telecommunications infrastructure deployment in 147 countries during...

This paper demonstrates that the effect of political hazards on the choice of market entry mode varies across multinational firms based on the extent to which they face expropriation hazards from their potential joint-venture partners in the host country (the level of contractual hazards). As...

This article builds upon the growing literature linking cross-national variation in political institutions to differences in economic outcomes. Specifically, it considers the impact of additional veto points (the executive, unicameral or bicameral legislatures, the judiciary and sub-federal...

This article posits that the effect of political hazards on the choice of market entry mode varies across multinational firms based on the extent to which they face expropriation hazards from their potential joint-venture partners in the host country (the level of contractual hazards). As...

Cross-national variation in institutional environments adds uncertainty to foreign operations, which in turn affects international strategy decisions such as when to enter a market, the entry mode used if entering, as well as the performance of foreign entries. Although all firms are exposed to...