A framework for understanding both bad public sector performance and good through surveys of public officals - and for presenting the results to policymakers in a format that leads to more informed choices about public sector reform

To perform well, public officials must be confident enough about the future, to be able to see a relationship between their efforts, and an eventual outcome. Their expectations are shaped by their institutional environment. If the rules are not credible, or are unlikely to be enforced, of if...