Relatively few studies have examined the "echo effect" of health shocks related to prenatal and early-life malnutrition … children of mothers who were exposed in-utero and in early-life including income, education, and employment, indicators that … areas, and by exploiting rich data on those directly affected and their children, we find that on average, the famine had …

intergenerational mobility if parents at the bottom of the income distribution invest significantly less in their children’s human … capital. I consider whether public investments in children can potentially offset the inequality of private investments … period 2000–2009, I find that increases in spending on health are most strongly associated with reductions in the importance …

' households affect the outcomes of their adult children-or to the role that grown children play in helping their parents recover … and informal care following wealth loss, involuntary job displacement, spousal death, and health shocks in retirement …-aged households. We find that giving to adult children is responsive to changes in parents' wealth and earned income. We document …