With the trade conflict between the United States and China bringing China-US strategic competition into the open, the European Union faces an urgent question: how to position itself in the competition. This paper reviews the impact of the US-led trade war against China and its immediate...

In this paper we empirically examine the extent and properties of production sharing in Latin and North America as well as that in East Asia. In 2006, exports of parts and components from Latin and North America constituted 29.7% of the region’s exports of manufactured goods to the world. Both...

Trade has always been a cornerstone of connectivity between nations around the world. However, the world order which was established after the second world war, based on the ideals of multilateralism, the rule of law, market economy and free trade, is undergoing massive shifts and facing a...

Drawing on a global database of media articles, we quantitatively assess perceptions of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in different countries and regions. We find that the BRI is generally positively received. All regions as a whole, except South Asia, have a positive perception of the...

The Belt and Road Initiative, recently embarked on by China, aims to improve cross-border infrastructure in order to reduce transportation costs across a massive geographical area between China and Europe. We estimate how much trade might be created among Belt and Road countries as a consequence...

China has gone from being a supporter of fringe Maoist regimes in the 1960s to providing more financial assistance to the region than the World Bank (Cheng, 2015). But the idea that China would be crucial to African development is neither new nor accidental. In fact, Chinese policymakers have...

In this paper, we highlight three characteristics of China-Latin American economic relations. China-Latin American economic relationships are asymmetric, comparative-advantage driven and motivated by both political and economic considerations. There are several co-operative measures that China...

This paper analyses empirically how increasingly close trade relations between China and Russia might affect the European Union (EU). We show that EU countries are complementary to Russia on the Chinese market. However, Chinese exports are increasingly relevant substitutes for EU exports on the...

In this paper we first document the growing importance of intra-East Asian trade in parts and components and capital goods facilitated by foreign direct investment (FDI). Japanese direct investment has a stronger influence on intra-East Asian trade relative to FDI from France and Germany. It is...