. We first gauge the impact of the sanctions’ regime using a structural gravity framework and quantify the trade losses in … by the Russian embargo. Instead, the disruption of the provision of trade finance services is found to have played an …Economic sanctions are a frequent instrument of foreign policy. In a diplomatic conflict, they aim to elicit a change …

country facing the sanctions is likely to develop trade relations with third parties that are not part of the sanction …While economic sanctions may be attractive policy tools for governments wanting to express discontent with a country …'s behaviour, it is arguable if from an economic perspective sanctions can achieve the change that is often envisaged through the …

Many historians argue that the main goal of European trade integration was the preservation of peace. This paper … investigates whether this reasoning is relevant for the EU and other regional trade agreements (RTAs). I provide empirical evidence … trade agreements (shallow RTAs) however have no effect on war probabilities. Accordingly, international insecurity has a …

, targets can bluff in order to deter coercion attempts. I find that while sanctions are a weakly dominant tool of influence … committing to a certain course of action for the entire duration of interaction. Moreover, using rewards and sanctions in …